Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) instigate plasmatic coagulation and form emergency barriers on mucosal wounds with antimicrobial, yet also strong cytotoxic properties. We now identified that NETs take part in guiding mucosal healing responses. Restituting epithelia protect themselves from NET-borne cytotoxic mediators. We will focus on these protective mechanisms used by specialized epithelial cells and envision future therapies directed at NET-epithelial imbalances to support mucosal healing in patients suffering from IBD.